《經典釋文》反切結構的類型、層次及音韻性質

A Study on the Type,Hierarchy and Phonological Nature of Fanqie(反切) in Jingdian Shiwen(《經典釋文》)

《經典釋文》的反切從結構上分析,至少可以分爲三種類型。其中,'上字管聲,下字管韻(含調)'的古反切,是陸德明及其所引據的東晉南朝以來的南方經師的標準讀書音。這個南方經師的標準讀書音系統,是以'洛下'到'金陵'爲中心的六朝舊音,是《釋文》中的古反切層。而'等第及開合'一致的反切和'準直音'式的反切,從音韻特點上看,是與慧琳《一切經音義》相似度極高的新反切系統。這兩種結構類型的反切是新反切層,是對古反切因時代變化而產生'類隔'等不和諧反切的改良,所反映的是唐代早期以長安爲中心的標準讀書音系統。

The point of this article is that there are three structure types of Fanqie(反切)in Jingdian Shiwen(《經典釋文》).The ancient Fanqie,which its initial consonant stems from the first word and final(including intonation)stems from the second word,is a standard literary pronunciation used by Lu Deming(陸德明)and sutras translators in the south since the Dongjin and Southern dynasties.It’s the old sound of Six Dynasties of Luoyang(洛下)and Jinling(金陵).On the other hand,the other two structure types are exactly similar to Yiqiejing Yinyi(《一切經音義》)of Hui Lin(慧琳).The one type is agreed on Deng(等)and Kaihe(開合),and the other has the form of quasi-Zhiyin(準直音).This two types become a new hierarchy which is a improvement of the old one.The new hierarchy reflects the srandard literary pronunciation of Changan(长安)and Luoyang(洛阳)of early Tang Dynasity.