摘要
本文指出詞彙化現象具有普遍性,因此值得關注。詞彙化研究可以揭示語言演變的規律,可以爲共時問題提供解釋,並有利於詞典的編纂。詞彙化研究中有一些存在分歧或特别需要注意的問題,比如演變爲虛詞的變化是詞彙化還是語法化,並列雙音詞的形成是詞彙化還是構詞法的產物,用典形成的詞彙化與語言自然演變中形成的詞彙化的區别,詞彙化與構詞法的區别等。目前的詞彙化研究取得了不少成果,但也存在一些問題。最突出的是一些論文只是單純的個案描寫,缺乏理論方面的探討。目前的詞彙化研究在一些細節方面也有值得注意的地方。而且很多都是只談詞彙化現象本身,把詞彙化現象與其他語言現象結合起來討論的還比較少。本文也嘗試提出一些新的與詞彙化相關的研究課題,指出詞彙化中的語義演變、歷時詞彙化方式在不同語言中的類型差異等都是值得深入探討的問題。
Lexicalization is a very common kind of language change that is worth exploring.In this paper,we summarize the contributions of studies on lexicalization.First of all,studies on lexicalization can reveal regularities of language change.Secondly it can provide explanations to some synchronic issues.Thirdly,it can benefit the compilation of historical dictionaries.We explain some critical issues in studies on lexicalization,including the following questions:(1)Is the change of becoming a functional word lexicalization or grammaticalization?(2)Are coordinating disyllabic words the result of lexicalization or word formation?(3)What are the differences between lexicalization due to citation and lexicalization occurred naturally in language change?(4)What are the differences between lexicalization and word formation?There are a lot of achievements in previous studies on lexicalization,but there are also some shortcomings.Most importantly,some studies are merely case study without any discussion in theory.There are also some problems in the details of the studies.Currently,there are few studies combining lexicalization with other issues in language,which are highly needed.We put forward some new research projects in the field of lexicalization.For example,semantic change during the process of lexicalization and the typological differences in diachronic lexicalization.
