敦煌詩詞曲新詞造詞研究——敦煌詩詞曲詞彙研究之二

The Word-formation of New Words in Dunhuang Poetry

敦煌詩詞曲是珍貴的漢語史語料,按照嚴格的標準,從敦煌詩詞曲中篩選出200個較新的詞,從語音造詞、句法造詞、詞法造詞和修辭造詞四個方面分析了其造詞法。語音造詞7個,包括聯綿詞和象聲詞两種。句法造詞數量最多,共152個,佔敦煌詩詞曲新詞的76%,包括並列式、偏正式、動賓式等。詞法造詞41個,佔全部新詞的21%,包括加綴法和重疊法兩種。修辭造詞是從修辭格的角度對部分詞語的劃分,用修辭法造出的詞一般也都能歸入句法造詞或詞法造詞的某個類别,是二者的補充,敦煌詩詞曲新詞中修辭造詞共15個。敦煌詩詞曲新詞表現出了強烈的雙音化傾向,雙音詞192個,佔新詞的96%。敦煌詩詞曲新詞的衍生動因主要是爲了表達的委婉性、增強形象性和受文體的制約。

Dunhuang poetry is a valuable research material of Chinese history.Following the strict standards,selected 200 newer words from the Dunhuang poetry song.This paper analyzes word formation from four aspects:phonetic,syntactic,lexical and rhetoric.There are 7 words made by voice word formation including two-alliterated words and onomatopoeia.There are 152 Syntactic word creation and it is the largest number of new words in Dunhuang poetry.Syntactic words accounting for 76%of the new words of Dunhuang poetry including juxtaposed words,subordinate words,verb-object words,and so on.There are 41 words from morphological word formation,accounting for 21%of new words in Dunhuang poetry including derived words and reduplication words.The rhetoric word formation is a division of some words from the perspective of rhetoric,and the rhetoric words can also be classified as syntactic or lexical words.There are 15 rhetoric words.The new words of Dunhuang poetry show a strong lexical disyllabification,with 192 disyllabic words accounting for 96%of the new words.The derivative motive of Dunhuang poetry new words is mainly to express the euphemism,enhance the image and the constraints by poetry style.