“讓”字使役句的句法、語義演變分析——兼論“讓”字句的地域分佈

The Analysis of Syntactic and Semantic Change of Rang Causative Construction——And Regional Distribution of Rang Construction

'讓'字句演變爲使役句的前提條件是從時間連續句到非連續句,句法上從動詞補語結構演變到小型句結構再演變到完全句結構。基於動力意象圖式分析,'讓'字句有兩種語義類型:允讓型和指示型。二者發展路徑不同,前者爲轉喻機制下語義演變:從消極讓請義演變出積極允讓義再到消極容讓義,後者是語用推理和類推機制下的語義擴展:從允讓義發展出指示使役義再到致使使役。'讓'字句地域性特徵表現爲北方型和南方型語義差異。

Rangconstruction underwent the change from succession to non-succession in a serial-verb structure,that is the prerequisite to evolving into causative construction.In perspective of syntax,it changed from verb-complement structure to small clause complement and to complete sentence complement.Rang causative construction is semantically divided into two sub-types which are permissive causative and directive causative in the light of Force Dynamics.It appears to be distinct mechanisms of development of the two types in the process of semantic change,the former is changed from inactively‘making concession’to active permission,to inactive non-prevention by means of metonymy,while the latter is extended from permissive to directive,to cause by pragmatic inference as well as analogy.Rangcausative construction shows a characteristic of North-South division regionally.