也談殷商漢語“不”“弗”與“勿”“弜”之别

Revisiting the Difference between Ancient Chinese Negatives bu(不)/fu(弗) and wu(勿)/bi(弜) in Shang Dynasty

殷商漢語否定詞'不''弗'與'勿''弜'不重視區分名詞和動詞,不重視區分動詞小類,但也不重視區分'直陳'語氣和'非直陳'語氣,而是重視區分'可控'語氣和'不可控'語氣。'不''弗'表示可控語氣,'勿''弜'表示不可控語氣。本文試圖綜合前人成果和殷商文獻、現代藏語證明這一點。

This paper proposes that the difference between Ancient Chinese negatives bu(不)/fu(弗)and wu(勿)/bi(弜)in Shang dynasty is not much related to noun-verb distinction,nor verb subclasses,nor indicative and non-indicative distinction,but is concerned with controltive and non-controltive modality.Bu(不)/fu(弗)indicate non-controltive modality,while wu(勿)/bi(弜)controltive one.The paper intends to prove this point with both previous researches and a wider range of ancient data.