社会救助制度的国际比较研究——以英美德日等国家为例

Social Assistance System of International Comparative Study

社会救助制度作为整个社会保障体系中最基本的救助制度,在实际发展过程中形成了各具特色的救助模式。本文选取了英国、美国、德国、日本等国家作为研究对象,采用政策分析的方式在法制基础建设、覆盖范围及救助标准、救助内容和方式、资金来源、管理机构等五个方面进行了对比,深入分析其所处的背景、面临的困境、改革的方向及其原因,客观评价各国社会救助制度的效果。最后,在结合比较研究的基础上,阐述了对中国特色社会救助制度建设的借鉴,针对中国社会救助立法缺失、实际操作中存在问题至今尚未形成一个系统体系的现状,提出建立健全中国的社会救助相关法律法规、发展非政府组织等对策建议,从而完善中国社会救助制度。

Social assistance system as the most basic assistance system of the entire social security system,in the actual process of development formed a distinctive rescue mode.This article selects the United Kingdom,the United States,Germany,Japan and other countries as the research object,with the method of policy analysis on the basis of the legal system construction,the coverage and rescue,rescue content and way,funding sources,management institutions such as five aspects has carried on the contrast,in-depth analysis of its background,difficulties faced by,the direction of the reform and the reasons,objective evaluation the effect of the national social assistance system.Finally,in combination,on the basis of comparative study,this paper expounds the construction of social assistance system with Chinese characteristics for reference,lack of social assistance legislation in China,problems exist in the actual operation is not yet formed a system of the status quo,put forward to establish and perfect our country ’s social assistance related laws and regulations,development of non-governmental organizations,such as countermeasures,so as to perfect our country social relief system.