从“言意之辨”看《庄子·内篇》之人物形象构造

On the characterization of figures in the inner volumes of Zhuangzi:From the scope of ‘discrimination between words and idea’

《庄子》一书中有诸多人物形象,这些形象更多是为其说理服务的。其中《内篇》创作时间较早,且在人物书写上有较高的原创性,从中可以窥见《庄子》一书人物构造方式之一斑。从中国古典诗学的"言意之辨"理论来看,《庄子·内篇》的人物构造方式具有其自身的特点。简言之,《庄子》一方面依据其意旨塑造出一些人物形象,又从这些形象身上生发出种种意义,以支持和丰富其学说;然后将其化为具体的言说方式——"寓言"、"重言"、"巵言",形成了其独具特色的论说风格。同时,《庄子》的这种人物构造方式对于中国后世文学亦产生了深远的影响。

There are many figures appearing in Zhuangzi,which are mostly to serve for its argument. Among them,the inner volumes are considered to be composed earlier than other parts of Zhuangzi and of higher original in charaterization of figures. From the inner volumes,we can see how this figures were created in Zhuangzi.From the scope of ‘discrimination of words and ideas ',a famous issue in Chinese classical poetics,the characterization of figures in Zhuangzi is of its own features. To put it simply,the writer of Zhuangzi,on the one hand,created certain figures according to his intentions or ideas and then developed new meanings from these figures to support and enrich his thoughts; On the other hand,the writer embodied or organized this figures into concrete words and passages( yuyan,zhiyan and chongyan),thus manifesting his distinctive literature style. Meanwhile,this kind of figure characterization of Zhuangzi also have a profound and lasting influence on Chinese literature onwards.