刘克庄的女性墓志书写活动初探

A study on the Liu Ke-zhaung's epitaph's writing about women

墓志碑铭在女性史研究之中被广泛地运用,较之官方色彩浓厚,注重典范性示范作用的正史列女传,以及深受儒家理念影响的女教文本,墓志铭似乎能够呈现给我们当时的某些历史真实,但作为以期传之久远,不忍祖先功德泯灭无闻,以慰生者的纪传文本,传真述实似乎就不成为立传者主要的写作原则,历史学者原本就只能透过资料记录者的眼睛进行观察,但资料记录者的偏好与立场,往往限制了我们讨论的课题与方向,但这些企图营造理念社会的士大夫们如何书写自己笔下的女性,如何把自己笔下的人儿嵌套进合乎社会价值理念的框架内,如何调整理念与实际之间的歧异冲突,写出令自己满意的墓志,是我们企图透过立传者的笔得以窥探妇女生活实态所不能规避的问题,本文以刘克庄的女性墓志书写活动为探讨对象,分析刘克庄的墓志书写活动中所面临的问题以及考量,借以瞥见同时代文人墓志书写时的一般情境及个人如何在社会理念与现实之间进行互动与协调。

The epitaph text,as a commemorative biography or funerary encomia,are very informative and a widely used historical resources on the study of the women,compared with the official materials which composed to instruct the women' s actions and afford an ideal model to copy. However,treating it as historical documents can,of course,be problematic. Eulogies writing in China were designed to glorify their subjects,not merely describe them,thus much of the purple prose with which eulogists were wont to extol their subjects must be discounted. Inevitably,the information provided often falls far short of what the historian would like to know. In spite of these limitations,it must pay attentions to the literati' s writing who aimed at creating the prefect models in which form they arrange their subjects and their efforts to make their subjects to fit in the frameworks accord with the social standards as well as how they coordinate the conflicts between the reality and the facts to get a satisfying funerary inscription. They can' t be ignored. This paper chooses the Liu Ke-zhuang ' s writing as a subject to explore,throughout the analysis of his writing taking the problems he had faced and the thoughts into the consideration,only hope it will help us to get a glimpse of the general situation contemporaries would face in the process of the writing of eulogies as well as how they coordinate the conflicts between the reality and the facts.