排华时期(1882-1945)美国社会对涉华事件的认知——以《旧金山之声》对1905年抵制美货运动的报道为切入点

American Society Cognition to the Chinese Events During the Exclusion Time(1882-1945)——The Reports of 1905 Boycott on San Francisco Call

1882年《排华法案》通过后美国社会充斥着对华人世界的错误认识,公众舆论对涉华事件的看法也多充斥着虚假、诋毁和夸张的成分。但幸运的是,即便是在这样的大背景下,仍有一部分公众舆论的参与者对涉华事件进行了较为客观和准确的表述。本文拟以《旧金山之声》对1905年抵制美货运动的报道为切入点,回顾该报对抵制运动过程、信息往来和相关社会舆论的报道,从而分析当时美国的各个利益阶层对这一涉华事件的认知和态度。值得注意的是,在当时美国的排华氛围下,该报对抵制运动保持了较为准确和公正的报道。这说明即便在排华时期,美国公众舆论对涉华事件的认知仍然保有一定的冷静和客观,同时就该报本身而言,也反映了19世纪末20世纪初美国报刊业的成熟和该报自身的发展特色。

After the 1882 "Exclusion Act",the misunderstanding to the Chinese events was full of the society.Public opinion for the Chinese events was always glutted with falsehood and exaggeration.But fortunately,even in this context,there is still a part of participants of the public opinion were objective and accurate when they reported the Chinese events.This article is intend to take the voice of"San Francisco Call"on 1905 boycott.Firstly reviewing the reports of campaign' s process,exchanging of information and related public opinion,Secondly analysing the attitude and cognition of the U.S.social classes at that time.It is worth noting that,even under the Exclusion atmosphere,the reports about boycott kept a relatively accurate and impartial mind.It shows that even in the Exclusion period,American public opinion for the Chinese events still maintained a part of calm and objective.At the same time,it also reflects the maturity of the paper itself and the newspaper industry at the end of nineteenth century.