以国家监察体制改革为契机看审查逮捕权的配置

The Allocation of Pretrial Custody Power under the Reform of National Supervisory System

逮捕作为刑事诉讼法中明文规定的五种强制措施当中最为严厉的强制措施,直接剥夺了公民的人身自由。由于在我国语境下,逮捕即意味着羁押,因此若不能对逮捕制度的权力配置予以合理的规制,宪法中规定的公民的基本权利将直接受到侵害。在我国的立法、司法实践中,检察院拥有审查逮捕的权力,这与法理和国际通行做法均不吻合。国家监察委员会的设立,检察院机制、体制将随之产生重大变革,是检察院权力重构的重要契机。本文试图通过理论分析、比较法分析审查逮捕权的正确配置,为国家监察体制改革的权力重构提供一些方向性的建议。

As the most stringent one of the five compulsory measures expressly stated in Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China,custody is a direct deprivation of personal liberty. In our nation,custody and arrest have not been strictly separated. Therefore,if the power of arrest cannot be disposed reasonable,the fundamental rights of citizens provided by constitution will be infringed directly. During the process of legislation and justice in our country,the procuratorate has the power to censor and apprehend,which does not match the law or the internationally accepted practice. As the National Supervisory Commission was established,there will be a reform of institution and system of procuratorate. It's a significant opportunity of power reconstruction of procuratorate. This paper attempts to review the allocation of right of pretrial custody through theoretical analysis and comparative analysis,aims for providing suggestions about the power reconstruction and the reform of state supervision system.