魑魅魍魉:元语言理论视阈下汉民族鬼之文化观照

The Demons and Monsters: An Explanation of the Han Nationality Ghost Culture from the Perspective of Metalanguage

以《说文》为研究载体,阐释于其书中与鬼相关的字词为分析对象,从元语言的理论视阈,在生理体验、自然存在、鬼神祭祀诸方面系统考察了汉民族之鬼意识种种信息表征,通过文化观照证实鬼及鬼族字群从一串串简约写意的象形表意符码逐渐转化为高度凝练之哲学思想载体、文化书写命题、民俗叙事利器与族群认同纽带,从未间断的一段信鬼、怕鬼、赶鬼、尚鬼等多元交织之历史进程,折射出汉民族'追养继孝、踵武前贤'源远流长的血脉传承、思想内涵与人文积淀,本质实乃汉民族尊奉以孝道为核心之伦理社会与宗法结构的自然反映与时代选择,为强力维护古代中国社会生活的稳定性与常态化发挥着不可或缺的重要功能。从元语言全面正确认识鬼和由此衍生之鬼文化,成为构建古代中国民俗史、文化史乃至学术史的生态写真、意识基元与文化关键词,具有方法论的创新性、先进性与交互性,在世界人类学史上具有重大研究价值。

Taking Shuo Wen-Jie Zi as the study carrier,and the explanation of the words about ghosts as analytic target,we systematically investigates the different kinds of representation of the Han nationality ghost awareness in many ways such as physiological experience,national existence and ghost and gods worship from the perspective of metalanguage.Through cultural inspection,we find that a string of pictographic ideographical Unicode of ghosts and ghost family sub-block are gradually changed into philosophy ideology vehicle,cultural writing proposition,folk-custom narrative edge tool and ethnic group identified bond.From a length of uninterrupted multivariate mixed historical progress of believing ghosts,fearing ghosts,driving away ghosts and admiring ghosts,it reflects the Han nationality’s longstanding blood inheritance,ideological implication and humanistic sedimentary deposits of'memorial of parents and succeeding filial piety,following virtue and behest of the predecessor'.The essence is a reflex of nature and choice of era about the ethical society and the patriarchal structure,in which the Han nationality respects filial piety as the core.It plays an absolutely indispensable and extremely important role in maintaining the stability and normalization of ancient social life of China.Comprehensively and correctly understanding ghosts and ghost culture from the perspective of metalanguage has become the ecological portraits,consciousness primitives,cultural key words of constructing ancient Chinese folk-custom history,cultural history and academic history,which presents advancement and innovativeness and interactivity of methodology with great study value in human learning history.