从《古文辞类纂》看姚鼐对于韩愈的接续与改造

Yao Nai’s Inheritance and Innovation For Han Yu: Based On Anthology of Classical Prose

桐城派作为清代最有影响力的文学流派,直接继承自明代归有光,而远溯韩柳。桐城派奉唐宋古文为宗,学习八大家文法,受韩愈影响颇多。姚鼐作为桐城派的集大成者,其文论最具代表性,从中可以看出他对于唐宋古文,尤其是韩愈的散文创作和理论的吸取借鉴。姚鼐所作的古文选本《古文辞类纂》一书,就集中体现了姚鼐对于韩愈的继承和创新之处。这种继承和创新具体分为三个方面:一是'古文'的概念的拓展与变化,二是诗文关系的沟通与互用,三是道统与文统的传承与接续。从这三个角度出发,一方面可以体现姚鼐文论和思想的精华和新颖之处,一方面可以反映韩愈文论和思想对于后世深远广泛的影响。

As one of the most influential literary genre in Qing Dynasty,Tongcheng School inherits form Gui Youguang in Ming Dynasty directly and traces back to Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan.The Tongcheng School obeys classical theories in Tang and Song Dynasty,and they follow the example of Eight Tang and Song dynasties,especially Han Yu.As the epitome of Tongcheng School,Yao Nai’s literary theories can show us the intimate relationship between Tongcheng School and classical theories in Tang and Song Dynasty,as well as the reference for Han Yu’s prose creation.The Anthology of Classical Prose(《古文辞类纂》),selected by Yao Nai,is a concentrated reflection of this reference.Yao Nai’s inheritance and innovation can be viewed as three parts:the expansion and change of concepts of ancient style prose;the communication between poetry and prose;the inheritance of Tao-tung and literary tradition.Based on these three parts,we can catch the core and essence of Yao Nai’s literary theories and have a better understanding of influence of Han Yu.