金伯利岩和钾镁煌斑岩型金刚石及其包裹体研究进展及应用

Review and Application of Kimberlite and Lamproite Diamond and Its Inclusions

基于金伯利岩和钾镁煌斑岩型金刚石的特殊物理化学性质,其一直是各行各业主要的使用对象和研究对象,对其的研究主要是通过研究其所含的包裹体。目前此类金刚石包裹体较常用的分类主要有:按与寄主矿物的生成时间关系分为原生包裹体、同生包裹体、次生包裹体;按源区的岩石类型分为橄榄岩型或超镁铁岩型(P型或U型)和榴辉岩型(E型);除此之外,还有一类广为重视的按物相所分而得的包裹体:液体/熔体包裹体(包括气体);随着新的包裹体类型不断发现,近来有按包裹体类型(或称包裹体组合)进行分类的趋势。本文将现有的对金伯利岩和钾镁煌斑岩型金刚石及其包裹体的研究报道进行总结,综述此类金刚石包裹体的种类及其特点、研究方法和研究意义,重点归纳每种包裹体矿物在具体某些科学问题上的应用,并对此类型金刚石所有包裹体矿物进行归纳、整理和总结,探究在此类研究中存在的问题,最后提出新的研究方向。

Based on the special physical and chemical properties of kimberlite and lamproite diamond,it has been used for study in many fields. The research of this kind of diamond is mainly through the study of it's inclusions. According to their formation preceded,accompanied or followed crystallization of their host diamonds,mineral inclusions in diamonds are divided into three groups: protogenetic,syngenetic and epigenetic.According to the type of mantle source rocks,mineral inclusions in diamonds are usually divided into peridotitic( or ultramafic) suite and eclogitic suite. In addition,there is another classification according to the phase of inclusions: liquid/melt inclusions( including gas). As new inclusions are constantly being discovered,there has been a tendency to classify inclusions by its type recently. In this paper the main research fields and findings of diamonds and their inclusions were described: the existing research about kimberlite and lamproite diamond and its inclusions are summarized; the types and corresponding characteristics of the diamond inclusions are reviewed; the research methods and significance are summarized; the application of inclusion minerals in certain scientific problems. According to the summarizing,some problems in this research fields are discussed,and new research directions are proposed.