金伯利岩研究进展综述

The Review of Kimberlite

金伯利岩是一种富含挥发份(主要为CO_2和H_2O)的含钾超基性岩,金伯利岩及其携带的大量地幔捕掳体不仅使其成为窥探地幔深部各种科学问题的重要岩石,也因其携带了大部分大颗粒金刚石而受到各类专家学者的重视。本文介绍了金伯利岩的岩石矿物学特征,重点归纳其原始岩浆产生机制、来源、组成以及演化过程的研究情况以及存在的问题,并提出相应思考。认为可根据金伯利原始岩浆组成特点对其进行分类,此分类将使有效推进金伯利岩本身及相关的研究。此外,可对金伯利岩中所含捕掳体的产出深度进行研究,以限定金伯利岩浆形成的最深深度,再结合相应深度的地幔物质组成对金伯利岩原始岩浆组成进行约束。

Kimberlites are a clan of volatile-rich(dominantly CO_2 and H_2O) potassic ultrabasic rocks.Kimberlite is not only an important rock for it' s function of searching the problems of deep mantle,but also draws various experts attention for carrying most of the large particles of diamond. In this paper,the petrology and mineralogy of kimberlite are introduced, and focuses on the composition, evolution and generation mechanism of primary kimberlite magmas. It is concluded that the study of kimberlite shows a great development tendency from macroscopic mineral compositions to microscopic geochemical aspects,as well as the existing problems,and then we put forward the corresponding thinking. We suggest that primary kimberlite magmas may have several types and hence can be classified,which will effectively promote the study of kimberlite itself and relevant issues. In addition,the original composition and evolution process of kimberlite magmas could also obtain through the research of xenoliths,except the study of rock samples and inclusions close to the primary kimberlite magmas' constituent and study of simulated experiment. Analyzing the depth xenoliths generated could therefore restrain the deepest depths of kimberlite magma generated,besides to constraint the composition of the primary magma by the mantle material component of corresponding depth.