从汶川地震救援探讨军队医疗队参与模式

Discussion on participating pattern of military medical rescue teams from medical rescue practice in Wenchuan earthquake

目的通过总结汶川地震军队医疗队参与救援的实践,探讨军队医疗救援的优势以及参与地震灾害救援的模式和组队方式。方法收集整理军队医疗队与四川省德阳市人民医院在"5·12"汶川地震救援2008年5月12日至2008年5月30日中收治的1 420例地震伤员资料,分析早期伤员流的特点,总结军队医疗队参与救援的时机和主要的救治内容。结果 1 420例伤员中,共有1 821处损伤;单个部位伤明显多于多部位伤(P<0.01);伤员在震后2 d最多,占68.8%,明显多于其他时间(P<0.01);近50%的伤员是在伤后12 h以后得到妥善处置(P<0.01);军队医疗队在地震后16 h到达灾区,参与了伤员的早期救治、专科救治及康复治疗。结论平时地震灾害救援中,救治速度是关键。应根据到达灾区的时间,选择医疗队的组成和参与模式,可能会提高救援效率,取得更好的效果。

Objective To summarize experiences in medical rescue after Wenchuan earthquake to discuss the advantage of military medical rescue team and their participating pattern of disaster rescue.Methods The data of 1 420 earthquake patients who were admitted to the medical rescue teams of Third Military Medical University and Deyang People's Hospital of Sichuan Province from May 12 to May 30,2008 were collected and analyzed in the study. The characteristics of early patient flow and work loads of military medical rescue teams were retrospectively analyzed to summarize the rescue time and content of military medical rescue teams. Results Among 1 420 patients were 1 821 sites of injuries. The injury of single site was more than that of multiple site( P < 0. 01). Most of the earthquake patients( 68. 8%) were admitted to hospital within 2 days after earthquake( 68. 8%),which was more than that at other times( P < 0. 01).About half of patients( 50%) were treated within 12 hours after injury( P < 0. 01). The military medical rescue team arrived the disaster zone 16 h after earthquake and participated in emergency treatment,specialized treatment and rehabilitation treatment. Conclusion For the disaster rescue in the peace time,the first-aid speed is the key point. The participating pattern of military medical team should be based on time to reach the disaster areas for improving the rescue efficiency and attaining better results.