传记写作中的“代父立传”现象及叙事伦理——兼论两部“另类”传记

Writing Parents’ Lives:Facts and Its Narrative Ethics

所谓'代父立传'类传记是指子女为父辈所作的传记。作者与传主之间的特殊关系使得这类传记在写作时面临着相同的叙事伦理困境,反过来说,伦理的规约也使这类传记呈现出某些共同的特点,比如'仰视'的叙事视角、'英雄传记'的叙事立场、'为尊者讳'而背离真实性原则等等。李南央的《我有这样一个母亲》和老鬼的《母亲杨沫》是这类作品中尊重传记叙事伦理的佳作,践行了传记写作中传记伦理应当优先于世俗伦理的叙事原则。

Parent Biography is written by the subject’s children and tends to provide lots of new,reliable and detailed materials.It may even be indispensible documents for other biographers.The special relationship between the subject and the biographer,however,invariably plunges the biographers into the same predicament.On the other hand,the ethical confinement gives birth to the common characters of this biographical genre,such as' looking up to the subject' in narration viewpoint, narration like ' hero’s biography' and violation of historicity 'to conceal the errors of the respected.' Li Nanyang’s I Have Such a Mother and Lao Gui’s Yang Mo,My Mother are both excellent works of this genre,living up to the narration principles that biographical ethics precede secular ethics.