莎士比亚传记:传统话语的颠覆

Shakespeare Biography:Subverting the Traditional Discourse

近二十年来西方学术和文化界对莎士比亚传记的传统话语进行了颠覆。电影《莎翁情史》放映以后,莎剧作者问题成为热门话题,爱德华·德·维尔是真正作者的观点流传更广,在莎学界和主流媒体上都占据了一席之地。在这部影片的带动下,斯蒂芬·格林布拉特写作了《俗世威尔》,他从莎士比亚戏剧和诗歌情节中选取材料,加以猜测和想象,以补充史料的不足、构建莎士比亚的生平。这部传记的畅销,推动了莎学的普及,深化了对莎士比亚戏剧的认知,但也在颠覆传记'非虚构'的特征,传记'纪实传真'的原则面临着严峻的挑战。

The traditional discourse in Shakespeare biography has undergone subversion for the recent two decades.Since the release of the film Shakespeare in Love,the debate on who is the genuine author of Shakespeare’s plays has grown heated.The claim that Edward de Vere is the real playwright is popular and has a large place in both the academic community and the mainstream media.This film stimulates Stephen Greenblatt’s Will in the World:How Shakespeare Became Shakespeare,in which the author selected materials from Shakespeare’s dramas and poems mingled with his own conjectures and imagination to fill the gaps in records and construct the playwright’s life.The success of Greenblatt’s Will has boosted the popularity of Shakespeare Studies and furthered the understanding of Shakespeare’s dramas,though the'non-fiction'feature of biography has been subverted as an austere challenge to the biographical principle of'truth-telling'.