“先贤传记”与方志的关系探究——兼论方志的学科归属

The Relationship between the Sage Biography and the Local Chronicles:On the Academic Discipline of Local Chronicles

我国古代有一批'先贤传记',多成书于汉魏六朝期间。作为郡书之一种的'先贤传记'与后世方志有许多关联和相似地方,以至于近现代以来的方志学家大都把这些'先贤传记'直接当作方志看待。然方志的发展经历了一个漫长的历史过程,在这个过程中方志的内容、体例是不断变化的,古人对方志的认识也不尽相同。基于'先贤传记'的成书年代和方志的发展演变,不能笼统地将二者等量齐观。参考不同发展阶段的方志与'先贤传记'的异同,把'先贤传记'当作方志中人物志或者说人物志中'先贤'一门的发端之一尚可接受,但不能在'先贤传记'与方志之间简单地画上等号。

In ancient China,there were a number of'sage biographies',which were mostly written in the Han,Wei and Six Dynasties.The'sage biography',a kind of junshu in Chinese,is closely related to and resembles the later generations’ chronicles,so that most of modern chroniclers directly deem the'sage biographies'as literal chronicles.Local chronicles have witnessed a long history.In this process,chronicles change constantly in the style and format changing,and people’s understandings of their local chronicles vary,too.Considering the development of the sage biography and the local chronicles,one cannot generally equates the two forms with each other.With regard to the similarities and differences between the chronicles of different stages of development and the'sage biography',it is acceptable to attribute the'sage biography'to the records of the people in the chronicles or to the'sages'in the chronicles of the figures,but the'sage biography'is by no means the equivalent of the chronicles.