长期住院精神疾病老年患者发生跌倒的危险因素及护理方法

Risk Factors and Nursing Methods of Falls in Elderly Patients with Long-term Hospitalized Mental Illness

目的:探讨长期住院精神疾病老年患者发生跌倒的危险因素及相应的护理措施。方法:选择2015年1月-2019年1月在北京市大兴区老年病院住院治疗的214例精神疾病老年患者作为研究对象进行回顾性分析,按照是否发生跌倒分为跌倒组和未跌倒组,进行单因素分析及Logistic多因素回归分析患者发生跌倒的独立影响因素,并探讨护理措施。结果:214例患者中共有18例发生跌倒,单因素分析显示抗精神病药物种类、血钠浓度、血钙浓度、血清白蛋白、血红蛋白、乏力、头晕、关节肿痛、步态不稳、治疗依从性与患者是否发生跌倒有关(P<0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析显示患者服用抗精神病药物种类多、血红蛋白水平低、乏力、头晕、关节肿痛、步态不稳、治疗依从性差均为长期住院精神疾病老年患者发生跌倒的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:多种因素均可以导致长期住院精神疾病老年患者跌倒,需要具有针对性的护理措施干预,才能够降低跌倒的发生风险。

Objective:To explore the risk factors and nursing methods of falls in elderly patients with long-term hospitalized mental illness.Method:A total of 214 elderly patients with mental illness who were hospitalized in the Beijing Daxing District Geriatric Hospital from January 2015 to January 2019 were selected for retrospective analysis.According to whether or not falls occur,they were divided into fall group and non-fall group.Univariate analysis and logistic multi-factor regression analysis were used to analyze the independent influencing factors of falls and explore nursing interventions.Result:A total of 18 of the 214 patients falls.Univariate analysis showed that the types of antipsychotic drugs,serum sodium concentration,serum calcium concentration,serum albumin,hemoglobin,fatigue,dizziness,joint swelling and pain,gait instability,and treatment compliance were related to whether the patients fall(P<0.05).Logistic multi-factor regression analysis showed that the multiple types of antipsychotic drugs,low hemoglobin level,fatigue,dizziness,joint swelling and pain,gait instability and poor treatment compliance were all independent risk factors for falls in elderly patients with long-term hospitalized mental illness(P<0.05).Conclusion:A variety of factors can lead to falls in elderly patients with long-term hospitalized mental illness,which requires targeted nursing interventions to reduce the risk of falls.