老年人夫妻依恋的特点及其与心理健康的关系研究

Research on the relationship between the features of marital attachment and mental health in a sample of elderly people

目的:探讨中国文化背景下老年人夫妻依恋类型,并比较其对心理健康的影响。方法:采用方便取样与入户访问相结合的方式,对260名老年人进行夫妻依恋问卷和孤独感量表调查。结果:1老年人孤独感平均得分为1.95分,总体处于较低水平;地区差异、居住状况和月收入水平对其有显著影响。其中,城镇居住、群居以及较高的收入水平可以降低老年人孤独感。2聚类分析表明,老年人夫妻依恋模式分为安全型、焦虑型和回避型,并且,安全型占主导。3以孤独感为心理健康指标,发现老年人夫妻依恋类型对孤独感有显著影响。在此指标上安全型得分最低而另外两种类型无差异。结论:有效形成老年人安全型依恋模式可以提高其心理健康水平,这对于实现积极老龄化有重要意义。

Objective: To explore the features of marital attachment types of elderly people under the background of Chinese culture, and to compare their effects on mental health. Methods: By combining convenient sampling and home visiting, 260 elderly people were investigated by the questionnaires of loneliness and marital attachment of husband and wife. Results: 1 The elderly loneliness with an average score of 1.95,which was low in the overall level; regional difference, living status and income level had a significant effect on it. Among them, the income level of city living, social as well as higher could reduce the loneliness of elderly people. 2 The cluster analysis showed that the elderly couple attachment mode was divided into three types,including secure, anxious and avoidant types, and most elderly couples were secure type. 3By using the sense of loneliness as a mental health indicator, we found that the elderly couple attachment types had a significant effect on the sense of loneliness, and the index of secure score was the lowest. The other two types had no difference. Conclusion: It is important for the realization of active aging to form the elderly people safe attachment mode and improve their mental health level.