国民兵团与抗战征兵

National Corps and Anti-Japanese War Recruitment

抗战爆发后,兵员需求量巨大,为了满足征兵需要,国民党政府出台了国民兵团制度。国民兵团在国民党政府建立的兵役体制中处于基础地位。国民兵团为抗战征兵提供了多方面条件,包括:国民兵团组织的普遍建立,为抗战提供了数量庞大的兵源;国民兵团开展的各项训练,为抗战提供了质量较高的备补兵;国民兵团是一个兼具征集、训练、拨补三种职能的组织,它既是一个训练机构,也是一个兵役机构,有利于提高国统区军事动员的效率;国民兵团的设立及其活动营造了'全民皆兵'的氛围,民众的观念有所变化,一定程度上减少了征兵的阻力。但由于国民党政权腐败低效,国民兵团组织难以发挥作用,国统区的征兵仍面临重重困难,'抓壮丁'现象普遍存在。

The system of the National Corps was established to meet the needs of conscription in the War of Resistance against Japan.The National Corps is in a basic position in the military service system of the Anti-Japanese War.The Kuomintang Corps has provided many conditions for the recruitment of troops in the War of Resistance,including:the establishment of the organization of the Kuomintang Corps has provided a large number of troops for the War of Resistance;the training carried out by the Kuomintang Corps has provided a high quality reserve for the War of Resistance;the Kuomintang Corps is an organization with three functions of recruitment,training and allocation,which is not only a training institution,but also a military aircraft.The establishment of the National Corps and its activities has created an atmosphere of'all the people are soldiers',and the concept of the people has changed,which has reduced the resistance of conscription to a certain extent.However,due to the corruption and inefficiency of the Kuomintang regime,the organization of the Kuomintang Corps is difficult to play its due role.It is more and more difficult to recruit soldiers in the Kuomintang-controlled areas,and the recruitment has become press-gang or employing soldiers.