“声母参重”的语音及音系理据——兼论汉语介音能否参重

A Critical Review of Recent Approaches to Onset Weight——With Special Reference to the “Medial” (Onglides) in Chinese

本文首先回顾音系学界围绕'音系重量'的相关讨论,简介以音节为本(如'莫拉理论')及不以音节为本的理论(如'韵律间隔理论'),并对其在跨语言现象,尤其是'声母参重'现象方面的解释力做比较。其次讨论声母参重的语音基础,简介从感知及构音层面来解释声母参重现象的理论(如'感知中心'与'耦合振荡器模型'等)。本文从构音动态的角度来分析声母参重现象。根据电磁构音记录仪取得的构音动态数据,汉语普通话的介音会呈现'辅音丛'的构音特征,而辅音丛正是声母参重现象的主要动因之一。准此,笔者认为近来学界所提出的'古代汉语介音能增加音系重量'假设并非向壁虚构,有其语音及音系理据的支持。本文也针对上古汉语与现代汉语在介音参重现象的差异提出初步的推测,并提出介音参重现象'或许可能存在'于现代汉语拟声词的AABB重叠式中。

This paper first reviews the discussions on phonological weight in the field of phonology,briefly introducing the syllable-based theories(e.g.'moraic theory')and non-syllable-based theories(e.g.Interval Theory of Weight,ITW).It compares how the theories explain the cross-linguistic phenomena,especially onset weight.Then,it discusses the phonological foundation of onset weight,briefly introducing the theory explaining the phenomenon of onset weight from the perceptual and articulatory layers(e.g.'perceptual-center'and the'coupled oscillator model').This paper analyzes the onset weight from the dynamic articulatory perspective.Based on the dynamic data obtained from the electromagnetic articulograph,the articulation of the medial glides in Chinese shows features of consonant clusters,which is one of the major motivations for the phenomenon of onset weight.Consequently,I think the hypothesis that medial glides in Old Chinese can enhance phonological weight is not invented,but is supported by phonetics and phonetic system.This paper also makes a preliminary conjecture about the difference between Old Chinese and modern Chinese in terms of the enhancement of phonological weight of medial glides and puts forward that medial glides may exist in the AABB reduplication form of modern Chinese onomatopoeias.