藏语的句末语气词与声调、韵律的关系及相关问题

On the Relations among Sentence-Final Particles, Tone and Prosody in Tibetan and Related Issues

古今藏语无论有无'声调',都拥有丰富的语气词,这与冯胜利(2015)的'语气词与语调声调关系假说'相矛盾。然而,古今藏语乃至阿尔泰语都有一种音高重音体系,亦即都采用音高(F0)来承担语调之外的语言功能,这就必然与同样采用音高要素的语调相冲突,也就使得语气词的存在成为可能。因此,古今藏语的声调、音高重音以及阿尔泰语的音高重音都有与语气词共存的现象,这不仅支持'语气词与语调声调关系假说',同时还给藏语等语言的历史研究带来了需要进一步思考的、新的重要启发。

Both Ancient Tibetan and Modern Tibetan,whether tonal or not,are abundant in sentence-final particles(SFPs),a prima facie contradiction to Feng’s(2015)correlation among SFP,intonation and tone.However,Ancient Tibetan,Modern Tibetan and even Altaic languages all share a pitch-accent system,exploiting F0 for other functions in addition to intonation,which leads to their tension with the latter,because all are realized by the same means,and creates SFPs as a possible consequence.Therefore,not only is correlation among SFP,intonation and tone supported by the co-existence of tones,pitch accents and SFPs in Ancient Tibetan,Modern Tibetan and Altaic languages,but also several novel implications are obtained concerning the historical studies on Tibetan and other languages.