基于ToRCH2009语料库的“V在+LP”构式多义性考察

A usage-based approach to the polysemy of V-ZAI +LP construction

出现在动词后的'在+LP'结构,功能已经发生了嬗变。其中,'在'不再作为介词引介处所短语,对动作发生的处所进行说明,而是依附在动词上的附着词,帮助动词引介处所宾语。相应地,'V在+LP'可看作是汉语的一个构式。本文秉承基于使用的语言观的基本理念,利用语料库方法,通过对具体语境中的用例进行分析,归纳出了'V在+LP'的5个子构式,即'V在单动+LP'、'V在达成+LP'、'V在暂状+LP'、'V在活状+LP'以及'V在永状+LP'。这5个子构式不仅表达了不同的处所意义,在形式上也各有特点,具体体现在动词分布以及与其他成分的兼容性上。

In modern Chinese,the post-verbal ZAI+LP structure has undergone functional change.More specifically,ZAI is no longer a preposition introducing the locative phrases,which serves to specify the location where an action takes place.Rather,ZAI is a constituent cliticized to the verb and helps to introduce the locative object.Thus,a constructional analysis of V-ZAI+LP is appropriate.The present study,in accordance with some basic ideas of the usage-based model of language and the corpus-based approach,makes a thorough analysis of all instances of the construction and finds out that V-ZAI+LP consists of five sub-constructions,namely V-ZAIsemel+LP,V-ZAI-achi+LP,V-ZAI-tran+LP,V-ZAI-acti+LP and V-ZAI-inhe+LP.These five sub-constructions are capable of expressing different locative meanings,and characterized by different syntactic features which would be explicated by the distribution of verbs on them and their compatibility with other components of the sentence.