比较否定结构“X不如Y·Z”和“X不比Y·Z”使用差异的计量分析

Corpus-based Study of Negative ComparativeConstructions “X+Buru (不如) +Y+Z” and “X+Bubi( 不比) +Y+Z”

现代汉语中'X不如Y·Z'和'X不比Y·Z'都可以表达比较的否定,但两者在具体使用上有一定区别。本研究从原型语义和主观性差异两方面分析其语义及使用差异。研究发现:首先,在语义方面,'不如'句语义清晰,表示'在Z上,X<Y';'不比'句的语义复杂,但其原型语义应为'在Z上,X≤Y'。其次,在主观性方面,第一,在基准项主观性上,'不如'句倾向于使用比喻义基准项和詈语义基准项,主观性更强;第二,在前加副词主观性上,'不如'倾向于同主观性较强的程度副词'远''真''还'以及语气副词'倒'搭配,'不比'倾向于同主观性较弱的语气副词'并'搭配,并由此印证了'不如'句比'不比'句的主观性更强。

Based on the literature subset of CCL corpus(Contemporary Chinese Corpus at Peking University),the research is an attempt to investigate the differences between the two negative comparative constructions“X buru(不如)+Y+Z”and“X bubi(不比)+Y+Z”.By quantitative study on comparative benchmarks,comparative results and adverbs of the two constructions,we explore their linguistic features respectively.The results show that,firstly,“X buru(不如)+Y+Z”has a distinct tendency of expressing figurative meaning,and in the meantime,“X bubi(不比)+Y+Z”prefers to denote the comparative meaning.Besides,the comparative results of“X buru(不如)+Y+Z”tend to be positive semantic meaning,while“X bubi(不比)+Y+Z”tends to be mixed semantic meaning.All these findings imply that“X buru(不如)+Y+Z”has much more subjectivity than“X bubi(不比)+Y+Z”.Furthermore,we describe the deep semantic meanings of the two comparative constructions,and find that the prototypical meaning of“X buru(不如)+Y+Z”is“on the standard of Z,X<Y”,and“X bubi(不比)+Y+Z”is“on the standard of Z,X≤Y”.