基于扩展意义单位模型的汉语虚化动词研究——以“作出”为例

An EUM model-based study on Chinese light verb zuochu (作出)

本文采用语料库驱动的方法,以Sinclair的扩展意义单位模型为框架,基于北京语言大学现代汉语语料库(BCC)的证据,以汉语虚化动词'作出'为例,分析汉语虚化动词的应用特征及其内在动因,结果显示:1)'作出'搭配能力强,其搭配词的语义趋向说话人针对现状采取行动解决问题、宣布结果和展示情态的语境,多用于正式文体,有时也出现在文学文体中;2)'作出'类联接体现了汉语使用者的使用经验,更为汉语提供了更多复杂的句式结构,表达说话人的交际意图;3)'作出'的语义韵呈现不平衡分布的复杂情况,在'作出+名词'类联接中,'作出'呈积极意义,而在'作出+修饰词+状/样子'中,'作出'与消极意义相关。笔者通过观察'作出'的语义韵还发现节点词的语义韵研究必须同更大的语义单位相结合,结合语境具体分析。

Light verbs,which are semantically delexicalized,often co-occur with nouns to perform productive functions.The present study focuses on the features and mindsets in the use of Chinese light verb zuochu(作出)based on the BLCU Corpus Center(BCC)corpus within the framework of Sinclair’s Extended Unit of Meaning(EUM).The results show that delexicalized verbs are correlated with a large amount of collocates and they tend to be used in contexts such as taking immediate action,presenting results and extending attitudes mostly in formal texts and sometimes in literary texts.Secondly,the colligation pattern reveals the life experience of Chinese speakers as light verbs provide feasible constructions which yield fruitful communicative purpose.Finally,delexical verbs’unbalanced semantic prosody suggests that real context and larger semantic units should be considered in investigating semantic prosody.