河北夏播区玉米机械粒收质量及影响因素研究

Study on the Influencing Factors of Quality of Kernels in Maize Mechanical Kernel Harvest as well as Cultivar Selection in Hebei Province

2014～2017年在河北省邯郸、衡水、石家庄、沧州和邢台市共开展16组机械粒收品种筛选与技术集成示范,对14组试验采取机械粒收及收获质量评价。结果表明,机械粒收子粒破碎率均值为10.19%,高于国标≤5%的要求;杂质率均值为1.99%,低于≤3%国标标准;产量损失率均值为3.55%,总体小于≤5%国标标准,破碎率高是河北夏玉米区机械粒收存在的主要质量问题。子粒含水率总体呈正态分布,均值为28.69%,收获时含水率低于26.01%的样本仅占25%,含水率与子粒破碎率(r=0.534**,n=130)、杂质率(r=0.437**,n=130)均呈极显著正相关关系,含水率高是导致收获质量差的主要原因。

Sixteen groups of experiments about cultivar selection and technology integration of mechanical kernel harvest were carried out in Handan,Hengshui,Shijiazhuang,Cangzhou and Xingtai in Hebei province from 2014 to 2017.The results showed that,the mean of grain breaking rate was 10.19%,which was higher than the nationalstandard of<5%,the mean of the impurity rate was 1.99%meeting the national standard of less than 3%,and themean of the yield loss rate was 3.55%less than the standard of 5%.The high grain breaking rate was the main prob-lem of maize kernel mechanical harvest in Hebei.The grain water content was generally normal distribution with themean value of 28.69%,and the cultivar samples at harvest with the water content less than 26.01%accounted for25%.Water content was significantly positively correlated with the grain breaking rate(r=0.534**,n=130)and theimpurity rate(r=0.437**,n=130),and the high water content was the important cause of the poor harvest quality.