不同夏玉米品种及其密度对子粒机收质量的影响

Effect of Different Summer Maize Genotypes and Planting Density on Mechanically Grain Harvesting Quality

选用不同基因型玉米品种,设置3个种植密度,研究不同基因型夏玉米子粒机收质量及其对种植密度的响应。结果表明,不同处理组合机收子粒破损率为1.03%~6.26%,杂质率为0.17%~2.12%,含水率为23.9%~35.80%。除60 000株/hm^2密度下创玉107、粒收1号和先玉335外,其他处理组合的破碎率均低于5%;所有处理组合杂质率均低于3%。随种植密度从60 000株/hm^2增加到90 000株/hm^2,机收脱粒时子粒含水率、破碎率和杂质率均呈降低趋势。机收子粒腐籽率为0.58%~5.89%,除迪卡517、华皖267和粒收1号外,其他品种均超过2%;90 000株/hm^2密度下子粒腐籽率显著高于60 000株/hm^2和75 000株/hm^2。在黄淮海地区评价玉米品种的子粒机收质量时需关注腐籽率。种植密度、基因型及其交互作用均显著影响子粒机收质量,基因型的影响效应大于种植密度。

Selecting various genotypes of maize,planting with three planting densities,the effect of planting density and genotypes,their interaction on mechanical grain harvesting quality of summer maize was studied.The results indicated that the broken rate,impurity rate,loss rate,and grain moisture rate of the harvested grain were 1.03%-6.26%,0.17%-2.12%and 23.9%-35.80%,respectively.Aside from Chuangyu107 and Lishou No.1,Xianyu335 planting with 60000 plants/ha,the other treatment combinations’broken rate was lower than 5%.Grain impurity rates of all treatment combinations were lower than 3%.Mechanically harvested grain broken rate and impurity rate,grain moisture rate were declined with planting density from 60 000 to 90 000 plants/ha.Grain broken rate and impurity rate were positively related to grain moisture rate,while rotten grain rate and bulk density were negatively related to grain moisture rate.The mechanical harvested rotten grain rate was 0.58%-5.89%.Aside from Dika517 and Huawan267,Lishou No.1,the rotten grains rate other genotype varieties was higher than 2%.In this study,genotype variety and planting density,their interactions have a significant impact on mechanical grain harvesting quality of summer maize,and their effect of genotype variety larger than planting density.