论乔叟“借用”的历史成因——从《公爵夫人之书》的开篇谈起

On Chaucer’s "Borrowing":An Analysis of the Opening of The Book of the Duchess

'借用'是中世纪作家、诗人文学创作的一种手段。本文通过比对乔叟《公爵夫人之书》开篇十五句诗行与其'出处'的异同,列举了乔叟'借用'他人之作的常用手法,并在此基础上,分析乔叟在其文学创作中的'借用'手法在当时历史时代背景下的必然性,进而论述了乔叟的'借用'艺术,提出乔叟对他人之作的'借用',是他对传统的沿袭和继承,而他赋予其中的诸多创造性元素,则是他对于传统的突破和发展。

'Borrowing' is a way for creative writing adopted by medieval writers and poets. The article dissertates Chaucer’s artful treatment of his 'sources' through comparing the opening 15 lines of The Book of the Duchess with its source, 12 lines from Le Paradis d’Amours by Jean Froissart, and analyzes the reasonableness of what he did considering the European traditional heritage in literature, with the conclusion that Chaucer’s'borrowing' shows his respect for,and his inheritance of the Western literature tradition, whereas the original elements that he imparted into his works best exemplify his breakthrough of, and his contribution to that tradition.