《哈姆雷特》的《圣经》叙事原型考证

The Textual Criticism of the Biblical Narratology Prototype of Hamlet

《哈姆雷特》剧本的主题和叙事策略、叙事原型及与《圣经》的互文性成为研究莎剧的热点关注问题。本文主要探讨《圣经》在莎士比亚创作中所起的重要作用:莎士比亚以《圣经》的伦理道德观为基础,塑造人物形象、展开故事情节;他把舞台作为《圣经》镜像,反映人性和人间百态,以实现他人文主义的戏剧创作观。本文分别从'选择生命','大卫王'和'约伯'三方面反映《圣经》在《哈姆雷特》中的主题、情节和人物镜像原型,论证《圣经》研究对《哈姆雷特》剧本解读的借鉴和深化作用,透视莎士比亚戏剧创作的思想源头与文学镜像。

Hamlet’s theme, narratology strategy and narrative archetype and its intertextuality with the Holy Bible have aroused great concern in the study of Shakespearean plays. This article focuses on the analysis of importance of the Holy Bible played in Shakespeare’s creation by providing the great playwright with core values, plots and characters to reflect life and people from all walks of society as who they are, like a mirror, without overstepping the modesty of their nature or hiding anything obscure, just to the point and being exact. Hamlet includes the thematic prototype, to choose life;the plot prototype, King David and the character archetype, Job of the Holy Bible.This article endeavors to tap the originality and literary mirror of Shakespeare’s playwriting and to manifest the universality and value of study of Hamlet.