论20世纪60年代美国现实主义小说中的替罪羊

Scapegoating in American Realistic Fiction of 1960s

美国20世纪60年代常常被称为'疯狂'的年代,而这一时期现实主义小说中人物大量出现各种'病态'症状。从家庭系统理论角度来看,个体症状根源在于其所属的家庭系统的病态;这些个体扮演的是家庭系统中的'替罪羊'角色。60年代小说中的种种'病态'是不健康的家庭结构所引发的症状。暴力便是重要症状之一。60年代小说中,随处可见的暴力来源于原本温顺的人物在家庭中压抑的大量愤怒情绪。而家庭系统中的暴力也与更大系统中的暴力泛滥互为因果,小说此时也扮演了记录、呼应和预言历史的重要角色。

The sixties was arguably the most turbulent decade in post-war American history, and characters in realistic fiction of this era often have various symptoms. With a family systems approach, this paper analyzes these symptoms in American realistic fiction of the sixties, arguing that such symptoms mostly stem from dysfunctional family structure, with the symptombearers as scapegoats of their families. Sixties fiction is filled with characters who have deviant behaviors, which sometimes appear in these texts in the form of violence. Violence derives from people’s repressed anger in the sixties.In the larger system, violence prevailing in society in the sixties couples with what is happening in the family systems, and realistic fiction of the era records, coincides with, and in a sense prophesizes history.