中国公共服务增量供给的户籍偏向:2007—2015年——基于省际差异测度视角

Household Registration Bias Based on the Incremental Supply of China's Public Service:2007—2015 Base on the Perspective of Provincial Disparity Measurement

户籍偏向程度的刻画及跟踪是对政府公共服务供给中的户籍偏向行为的整体把握和拓展性研究。从公共服务省际差异角度,探讨政府提供公共服务的户籍偏向程度是一种有益的尝试。文章从概念上区分了公共服务的"存量非均等化"和"增量非均等化",用一般预算收支决算总表中"本年支出合计"数据反映公共服务增量供给,以31个省(自治区、直辖市)作为研究样本,在户籍、常住人口口径下,利用基尼系数和广义熵指数从增量角度测算中国公共服务非均等化程度。研究发现:户籍偏向在公共服务增量供给上整体性和持续性存在;户籍偏向程度显示很高并且存在上升趋势;中国户籍人均公共服务增量供给基尼系数长期高于0.2的警戒线水平;从整体和增量的角度来看,中国公共服务均等化政策效果开始显现,并随着其政策的进一步推进,来自财政体制和户籍制度的压力越来越大,会导致地方政府选择性地执行该政策,进而显示人均公共服务增量供给不平等有上升趋势。

The description and tracking of household registration bias is the general understanding and research expansion of household registration bias behaviors in government public service supply.From the perspective of provincial disparity of public service,the paper discusses the issue that it is a useful attempt for government to provide household registration bias of public service.The paper differentiates'stock inequalization'and'incremental inequalization'of public service by definition,and describes the'incremental supply of public service'by using'total expenditure this year'of General Budget Revenue.By taking 31 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions)as research samples and taking household and permanent resident population into consideration,the paper measures the inequalization degree of public service by using Gini coefficient and Generalized Entropy Index from the perspective of incremental supply.Research shows that household registration bias exists in the incremental supply of public service in general and persistently.The degree of household registration bias is high and tends to increase.The Gini coefficient of incremental supply of public service per person in China’s household registration is higher than the warning level of 0.2.From the general and incremental perspectives,the equalization policy of China’s public service has taken effect.With the further implementation of the policy,more pressures come from the fiscal system and the household registration system,which makes more and more local governments selectively implement the policy,and this indicates that the inequality of the incremental supply of public service per person tends to increase.