论汉字笔顺

On the stroke order of Chinese characters

笔顺问题困扰对外汉字教学多年。笔顺是文字的自然属性。决定笔顺的因素是对书写连贯流畅的追求。笔顺本质是把笔画的空间位置关系转换成书写的时间顺序。笔顺存在多样性,没有整齐划一的规律。现行笔顺规范是汉字排检法和书法艺术混合的结果,不是文字学性质的标准。笔顺规范化只规定笔顺原则和汉字的具体笔顺,但是没有制定笔顺规则。笔顺规则是笔顺问题的症结所在。笔顺规则有归纳性和生成性之分。混同两类不同性质的规则是笔顺研究和教学的致命伤。可以考虑将现有的"笔顺规范"降格为"常见笔顺"。海外汉字笔顺教学可以开发并使用生成性笔顺规则。来华留学生入门阶段汉字教学可以采用生成性笔顺规则,或者采用降格后的"常见笔顺"。

The stroke-order problem has troubled the teaching of Chinese characters for many years.Stroke is a natural attribute of the Chinese script.The factor that determines the stroke order is the pursuit of smooth and consistent writing.The essence of the stroke order is to convert the spatial relationship of strokes into the temporal sequence of writing.There is a variety of stroke orders but there is no uniform pattern.The current stroke order specification is a result of the mixture of the Chinese-character exclusion method and the Chinese calligraphic art.It is not a standard of the nature of philology.Stroke standardization only specifies the principle of the stroke order and the specific stroke order of the Chinese characters,but no stroke order rule has been established.Stroke rules are the crux of the stroke-order problem.Stroke rules have inductive and generative features.Mixing two types of rules of different natures is fatal to the study and teaching of stroke orders.Stroke standardization can be considered to reduce the existing 'stroke order specification' to 'common stroke order.' The overseas teaching of the Chinese-character stroke can develop and use the formula of the generative stroke order.The Chinese-character teaching in the rudimental stage for foreign students in China may adopt the rules of generative stroke order,or adopt the 'common stroke order' after demotion.