金沙江不同林分的土壤入渗特征研究

Soil Infiltration at the Different Forest Stand of Jinsha River

通过对金沙江头塘小流域3种典型林分类型的土壤进行入渗试验研究,从而进行金沙江头塘小流域人工生态林保水保土的生态效益比较和综合评价,以期为金沙江流域的水土保持提供强有力的理论依据。结果表明,各林分对水分的涵养、调节能力的大小为云南松林>银荆林>旱冬瓜林>荒草地;对影响土壤入渗的因子作相关分析和主成分分析,结果都可以得到土壤的有机质含量、总孔隙度、容重和土壤颗粒对土壤的入渗性能决定作用最大;林分土壤的初始入渗速率与稳定入渗速率和平均入渗速率呈显著和显著正相关关系,可见土壤入渗过程特征,初始入渗阶段是地表水分下渗的主要阶段。

Based on the experimental study on soil infiltration of 3 typical forest types in the Toutang watershed of Jinsha river,the ecological benefit comparison and comprehensive evaluation of artificial ecological forest for water and soil conservation in the Toutang watershed of Jinsha river were conducted,so as to provide a strong theoretical basis for soil and water conservation in the Jinsha river basin.The results showed that the water conservation and regulation ability of each stand was Pinus yunnanensis forest>Acacia dealbata forest>Alnus nepalensis forest>unused grassland.Through correlation analysis and principal component analysis of factors affecting soil infiltration,it can be concluded that soil organic matter content,total porosity,bulk density and soil particles have the greatest influence on soil infiltration performance.The initial infiltration rate of forest land soil had a significant and extremely significant positive correlation with the stable infiltration rate and the average infiltration rate.This study showed that the initial infiltration stage is the main stage of surface water infiltration.