基础设施与机会平等实证研究——基于云南少数民族自然村数据

Infrastructures and equality of opportunity:An empirical study based on the data of Yunnan ethnic villages

使用2011—2013年云南省近70 000个少数民族自然村的面板数据,测算了村庄社区的电话、公路、安全饮水、广播电视4种环境变量体现的机会不平等情况,同时分析了机会不平等对贫困发生率和人均纯收入不平等的影响.研究样本村的人类机会指数逐年递增,但安全饮水一项最低,不到80%.人类机会指数的提高目前主要是依靠覆盖率的增加,改善分配的解释力不到15%;这4个环境变量体现的机会不平等按照人口较少民族与非人口较少民族分组非常小,不平等主要体现在按照州市分组上;机会不平等对于贫困和人均收入不平等的解释率都比较低,不到10%.在环境变量中,安全饮水和通公路覆盖率的解释比例相对最高.

In this paper,by employing the panel data of about 70 000 Yunnan ethnic villages from the year 2011 to2013,the inequality of opportunity is calculated and measured by four variables,including telephony,traffic way,safe drinking water,broadcasting and television.Its effects on poverty rate and net income per capital are also estimated.There are three main findings in this empirical study.Firstly,the human opportunity index of the sample villages is increasing year by year,but the safety of drinking water reaches a minimum,which is less than 80%.Secondly,the inequality of opportunity reflected by the 4 environmental variables of the less populous ethnic groups and those with a larger population is negligible.Inequality is mainly reflected when grouped at the level of prefecture and city.Thirdly,interpretation ratios of opportunity inequality for the poor and the income per capita inequality are relatively low,less than 10%.Among the environment variables,safe drinking water and road-coverage contribute the highest proportion in explanation.