中韩跨越“中等收入陷阱”的比较研究

A comparative study of China's and Korea's escaping the “middle-income trap”

1970～2017年,中国人均国民收入从120美元跨越到8790美元。在此过程中,三次产业结构经过系统调整和优化升级,实现由"二、一、三"向"三、二、一"结构的转变,伴随着庞大就业人口转移,就业基本稳定在"三、一、二"结构。可见中国就业结构调整速度远跟不上产业结构优化升级,由此带来产业结构与就业结构一定程度的失衡和偏离,造成人力资源的浪费和闲置,客观上阻碍中国经济社会的持续健康发展。在比较中国、韩国产业与就业结构发展的基础上,吸纳韩国跨越"中等收入陷阱"成功经验,从继续扩大对外开放发展战略、对内加快经济发展与科学进行国民收入分配以及三次产业与就业结构协调发展等方面,为中国顺利迈入高收入国家提出可行性发展路径。

Since 1970,China’s national income per capita has achieved a large leap from 120 to 8260 U.S.dollars.During this process,the industrial structure has achieved systematic adjustments and upgrades,shifting from the 'secondary-primary-tertiary' model to the 'tertiary-secondary-primary' model.At the same time,with the shift of large numbers of employed people,China has gradually formed the 'tertiary-primary-secondary' employment structure.It can be seen that the adjustment of China’s employment structure lags behind the adjustment of the industrial structure,which has brought about imbalances and deviations,and caused great waste and idleness of resources,hindering the sustainable development of China’s economy and society.On the basis of comparing the development of industry and the employment structure in Korea and China,this paper summarizes the successful experience of Korea’s escaping the 'middle-income trap'.Then,from the perspective of the economic development strategy,the national income distribution and the coordinated development of three industries and the employment structure,it proposes a feasible path for China to move toward high-income countries.