乡村旅游发展过程中乡村秩序的演化与重构策略——以W州X村为例

Evolution and reconstruction strategy of rural order in the process of rural tourism development:A case study of Xianrendong Village in Wenshan Autonomous Prefecture

乡村秩序是乡村旅游可持续发展的助推器。伴随乡村振兴战略的加速推进,乡村旅游主导型村庄数量愈发增多,中坚农民和旅游外来从业者现象愈发显著,进而深刻影响乡村秩序的变迁。本文将X村作为乡村旅游主导型村庄的典型,从该村社会权力秩序、经济分利秩序、人际互动秩序、社会认同秩序等四个维度系统性地分析乡村旅游发展的兴起和阻滞两个阶段对X村乡村秩序的影响。经研究发现,在乡村旅游兴起和阻滞的发展阶段下,X村乡村秩序四个构成要素均发生形色不一的变迁,致使X村乡村秩序总特征经历熟人道义、利益共享——利益竞争、社会冲突两个阶段的特征转变。由X村乡村旅游与乡村秩序变迁历程可知,如果缺乏合理认知与干预策略,乡村旅游对于乡村秩序的影响则是负效应大于正效应的。为此,须借助合理的外力干预措施整合乡村公共空间,以尊重乡村社会内生力量的主体性地位,规制旅游外来从业者阶层的权责界限,从而在乡村旅游发展下型塑成以情感协作、共生发展为特征乡村秩序。

A good rural order is a booster to the sustainable development of rural tourism.Along with the acceleration of the strategy of rural revitalization,the number of rural tourism-dominated villages is increasing,and the phenomenon of the rural middle-peasant group and the tourism-engaged immigrants is becoming more conspicuous,which affects the change of the existing rural order profoundly.This paper focuses on a case study of Xianrendong Village as a typical tourism-oriented village,and analyzes systematically the effects of the emergence and delay of its tourism development on the village order from the four dimensions of its social power order,profit-sharing order,interpersonal interaction order and social identity order.It proves that in the two development stages of rural tourism,the four key factors of village order in Xianrendong Village have changed to different degrees.As a result,the general characteristics of the village order here have undergone two stages:acquaintance-based morality and benefit-sharing;benefit-oriented competition and social conflict.The change of rural tourism and rural order here shows that if there is a lack of rational cognition and intervention strategy,the effects of rural tourism on the existing rural order are more negative than positive.Therefore,it is necessary to integrate the rural public resources by means of reasonable external intervention measures to respect the subjective status of endogenous power in the rural society,and to regulate the rights and responsibilities of the immigrants in the tourism industry.Only in this way can the development of rural tourism ensure the rural order characterized by emotional cooperation and symbiotic development.