少数民族文化致贫与贫困文化后果研究

A study of the culture-induced poverty of the ethnic minorities and the consequences of the culture of poverty

文化致贫作为少数民族贫困地区致贫的原因之一,具有多样性、长期性、致贫惯性等特点,是反贫困的难题。由于文化致贫原因各不相同,多样性文化在贫困领域也表现为贫困原因的多样性,因此制定多样化的经济发展策略对多样性文化在减贫中所起的作用显得尤为重要。分析文化致贫原因需注意四个问题:1.不应将传统文化中一些致贫因子作为社会的信仰、规范、价值观和态度来判断一个民族或个体的道德行为;2.针对传统文化中致贫因子的惯性发展,反贫困策略可能失效并出现大面积的反贫困失败;3.由于贫困群体对自身传统文化的长期认可和适应,其诉求与外界所提供的帮助呈现信息不对称;4.多样性文化中有些文化特征具有公共性特点。少数民族群体贫困及其贫困文化后果既可能对个人也可能对整个民族形成影响;贫困造成的文化后果有自我延续及叠加,更严重的是因贫困形成的反抗性文化会导致与其他民族、族群或族裔保持距离,并对社会和谐发展产生障碍。文化致贫的反贫困行动是一项长期策略,除关注物质贫困外,还需社会工作者的帮助,从物质财富以外的领域来改变生存、生活境况。

Culture-induced poverty,one of the causes leading to the poverty in the ethnic minority areas of China,has the features of diversity,extension and inheritance,and is a hard task in poverty-alleviation.Because culture-induced poverty results from various causes,the diversified culture in the poverty-stricken areas reveals diverse characteristics.Thus,the planning of diverse economic development strategies will help the diversified culture play a key role in poverty-alleviation.The analysis of the causes of culture-induced poverty should focus on the following four aspects:1.It is wrong to regard some poverty-leading factors in the traditional culture as their beliefs,norms,values and attitudes in judging some moral behaviors of a given ethnic group or an individual.2.It is necessary to understand that the failure of poverty-alleviation strategies and projects is closely related to some inherited poverty-leading factors.3.Because the poverty-stricken people have long adapted to their traditional culture,asymmetrical information often occurs between their appeal and the external help.4.It should receive much attention that some elements in the diversified culture have public features.The culture-induced poverty of the ethnic minorities and the consequences of the culture of poverty may exert impacts on both individuals and the whole ethnic group.The consequences of the culture-induced poverty may continue and worsen.The more serious consequence is that the cultural resistance induced by poverty will separate one ethnic group from others,which will hinder the construction of a harmonious society.The alleviation of culture-induced poverty is a long strategy whose successful implementation relies not only on material support but also spiritual comfort from social workers.