士大夫文化心态与宋代杂体诗的新特征

The Cultural Mentality of Scholar-bureaucrats and the New Characteristics of Hybrid Poetry in the Song Dynasty

杂体诗虽属文字游戏,但宋人却要求其无异寻常诗。以诗为戏的诗学观念与创作动机,是促进杂体诗繁荣的重要因素,但真正促使宋代杂体诗成熟的内在动力还是题材与内容上的严肃与实用。宋代是典型的士大夫文化时期,政治家的责任心、文士的审美情趣、学者的渊深学养,社会角色、身份的多重性及其心态组合的多重性质直接或间接影响着宋人杂体诗的创作及理论批评,形成了宋代杂体诗主题严肃、情感内倾、旨趣高雅等不同于此前各个时期的新特征。

Though hybrid poetry is a game of words,the people of the Song Dynasty required it to be no different from the ordinary poetry.The poetic idea and creation motive of taking poetry as a play are the important factors to promote the prosperity of hybrid poetry,but the inner motive to make hybrid poetry mature in the Song Dynasty is the seriousness and practicality in theme and content.The Song Dynasty was a typical period of scholar-bureaucrat culture,in which the responsibility of politicians,the aesthetic taste of scholars,the profound learning of scholars,the multiple nature of social roles,identities and their mentality combinations directly or indirectly influenced the creation and theoretical criticism of hybrid poetry of the Song Dynasty,forming new characteristics different from the previous periods,such as serious theme,inward inclination of emotion and elegant taste.