综放开采散体顶煤放出三维模拟试验台的研制与应用

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF 3D SIMULATION TEST DEVICE FOR LOOSE TOP-COAL DRAWING UNDER CAVING MINING TECHNIQUE

针对以往顶煤放出模拟试验台不能真实模拟顶煤三维放出过程的不足,介绍自主研发的综放开采散体顶煤放出三维模拟试验台,试验台主要由试验箱体、移架与放煤系统、倾角调节与监测系统、标志颗粒制作与安设系统、箱体支座及附属装置组成。该试验台具有如下功能:(1)三维设计扩展了普通二维试验台在工作面方向的长度,可更加真实地模拟顶煤三维放出过程。(2)通过对综放支架进行细部设计,可模拟开关放煤口和移架过程。(3)利用倾角调节与监测系统,可模拟煤层走向与倾向方向0°~55°范围内任意角度的顶煤三维放出过程。(4)可以在模拟工作面端头损失条件下进行不同煤矸粒径、不同采放比、不同放煤顺序和移架速度的模拟试验。(5)通过在煤层中安设标志颗粒,实现顶煤回收率的测定以及顶煤三维放出体发育过程的反演。利用该试验台进行仰斜综放散体顶煤放出三维模拟试验,揭示了仰采条件下顶煤回收率、顶煤放出体以及煤–岩分界线的特征。试验结果表明,该试验台能够真实地模拟顶煤放出过程,为从三维角度研究综放开采顶煤放出机制提供了新的试验方法和手段。

Due to the defects of simulation test device that can not precisely simulate the 3D top-coal drawing process,a self-developed 3D simulation test device for loose top-coal drawing is introduced. It is composed of test box,shield-moving and coal-drawing system,angle adjusting and monitoring system,marked particles making and locating system,box bracket and accessories. The functions of the test device are introduced as follows. The 3D test device extends the length of mining face direction compared with the 2D test device. This design can simulate the top-coal 3D drawing process precisely. By thorough design of caving shield,shield-moving and coal-drawing process can be simulated. By using angle adjusting and monitoring system,this device can simulate the inclination of coal seam both in strike and dip direction and the inclination angle is from 0° to 55°. This test device can realize the simulation of different particle sizes,caving ratios,drawing order and shield-moving speed in the condition of top-coal end loss. By locating marked particles in coal seam,the statistics of top-coal recovery and the inversion of drawing body can be realized. By using the test device,3D simulation tests for loose top-coal movement in up-dip caving condition are carried out. The top-coal recovery ratio,top-coal drawing body and the characteristic of boundary between coal and rock are obtained from tests. The test results show that the test device can simulate the top-coal drawing process precisely. It also provides a new method to study the drawing mechanism of loose top-coal in three-dimensions.