全球岩土工程领域共同挑战性问题的土力学理论根源

Challenging issues in global geotechnical profession caused by soil mechanics

Morgenstern教授,2000年在ISSMGE、ISRM和IAEG共同召开的"世纪岩土工程会议"上,提出了全球岩土工程存在三大共同挑战性问题。它们是表现不合格、价值被低评;不合理报酬、回报被低算;不合情地位、才华被低用。他认为,产生问题原因在于,全球岩土行业缺少一个统一的学会来领导和竞争。笔者认为,根源在于,经典土力学理论的适用范围被扩大化。经典土力学理论是压剪土力学理论,仅适用于岩土体完全受到压剪应力载荷工况。但是,它的创建者,却将这个压剪土力学理论扩大应用到了,不同于完全压剪应力状态的工况工程中。从而,这种扩大化使用是不符合自然规律的、造成了这三大共同挑战性问题。这个理论根源的提出和认识,能够解决这三大问题。

In his keynote address at GEO Eng 2000, Professor N. R. Morgenstern pointed out and discussed that the global geotechnical profession had three challenging issues: inadequate performance, inadequate compensation and inadequate recognition. The issues are examined, and a technical cause of the three issues is proposed. The technical cause is the inadequately expanded application of the theory of soil mechanics. The theory is developed under and for the state of soil in completely compressive and shear stress condition(i.e.,σ 1≥ σ 2≥ σ 3>0). However, the theory has been incorrectly applied and inadequately broadened to the general stress state of soil including σ 1≥ σ 2 >0≥σ 3and/orσ 1> 0≥σ 2≥ σ 3. Consequently, failures in engineered geotechnical works are not uncommon. Fees for geotechnical engineering can be low and inadequate. Geotechnical engineers have to put their time and effort in preventing soil failures. This cause can be used to technically resolve the three challenging issues.