南海仲裁案新闻报道中美国立场取向的批评话语分析

A Critical Discourse Analysis of the U.S.Stance in the Reports of the South China Sea Arbitration Case

2016年7月12日,位于荷兰海牙的常设仲裁法院正式公布了南海仲裁案的结果。这一事件在世界上引起了轩然大波。本研究收集了美国主流媒体美国有线电视新闻网络和《华盛顿邮报》关于南海仲裁案的相关新闻报道,以批评话语分析为理论框架,运用手动标注软件UAM corpus tool 3对自建语料库中的立场类型作了标注和统计分析。分析结果显示相关报道使用最多的是认识立场和态度立场。通过重点分析新闻中援引的美国官方的声音,我们发现美国官方和媒体的立场与菲律宾在这一事件上的立场是一致的,即海牙决议是有重要意义的,中国在南海的所作所为是'不合法'的。联系美国此前宣称的对南海仲裁案内容不持立场以及在南海问题上不持立场的说法,我们可以深度解读西方媒体的舆论导向作用以及相悖的声音背后的意识形态。

On July 12,2016,the International Permanent Court of Arbitration based in Hague,Netherlands,published the official result of the arbitration case over the South China Sea,which caused a stir in the world.This study examined the stances of the U.S.mainstream media,as presented in the reports on the case covered by CNN and Washington Post.The stances in the corpus were coded by using UAM corpus tool 3,within the theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis.Statistical results showed that epistemological stance and attitudinal stance were most frequently used in the reports.Upon closer analysis,it was found that the stances of the U.S.official and media were aligned with the Philippines’stances on that issue,i.e.,the court ruling was meaningful and China’s actions in the South China Sea were illegal.Relating to the claims of U.S.officials before that they did not take any stance on the South China Sea arbitration case and the South China Sea territorial disputes,we can decipher the role of western media in directing public opinion and the ideology behind the opposing voices.