动词支配的认知依据——以俄语释放动词为例

Cognitive Motivation of Verb Government Patterns:The Case of Russian Emission Verbs

论文从认知依据视角探讨俄语释放动词的支配模式,具体研究轻动词испускать(释放)的搭配。释放动词所表示的物理现象在心理上全都被同一个观念模式所代表,即与感知主体无直接接触的物质源释放无形物质,该物质直接达及感知主体的感觉器官。对释放动词支配模式进行的研究表明,它们显现的所有特点,包括它们投射的用作要素的附加语义角色数量和特点差异及组配差异,反映了人感知相应现象在认知方式上的差异。本文探讨发光、发声、释放气味动词的支配模式和题元衍生特点,这些特点是由人感知这些现象的语言外特征决定的。

This paper examines the government patterns of Russian emission verbs,i.e.the ones denoting emission of light,sound,smell and heat(svetit’‘shine’,gud’et’‘hoot’,pahnut’‘smell’,gr’et’‘heat’,etc.),from the perspective of their cognitive motivation.Collocations with the light verb ispuscat’‘emit’that are synonymous to the given verbs(cf.ispuscat’svet/zvuk/zapah/t’eplo‘emit light/sound/smell/heat’)are analyzed.These collocations demonstrate that the denoted physical phenomena are all mentally represented by the same conceptual scheme:a material source having no direct contact with the Experiencer issues impalpable substance that ultimately reaches Experincer’s sense organs.This scheme unites these verbs into one class and opposes them to other verbs displaying a perceptive property(e.g.,taste,texture).This accounts for general characteristics of their government patterns:they all have semantic roles(valences)of Emitter(Source)and Experiencer.Emission verbs’government patterns are described in detail.It is argued that all their observed specific features(difference in number and character of additional semantic roles they project as complements and in their diatheses)reflect cognitive difference in the ways human beings perceive corresponding phenomena(i.e.,in sensory modalities).