高闾民族观述论

A Review On Gao Lü's National Viewpoint

高闾的民族观是从其北魏拓跋弘朝末上表的《至德颂》和孝文太和十四年议定五德行次的言论中反映出来的。前者以为拓跋鲜卑建立的北魏政权是承继夏、殷、周、汉的王朝 ,属华夏正统 ;后者在按五德行次为北魏作正统定位时 ,以为十六国时期的匈奴汉国、慕容鲜卑燕国和苻氐秦国同样是华夏正统王朝。在民族关系中 ,正统观实质就是民族观。高闾的民族观是北魏当时政治需要的产物 ,更是传统民族思想影响的结果。其核心是以文化论民族及其政权的性质 ,即凡在中原立国并行华夏先王之制的王朝即属华夏正统 ;民族的分野 ,不在血统 ,而在文化。从高闾的民族观可看出当时北魏汉化发展。

Gao Lü's National viewpoint was reflected in his memorial to the throne, namely 'An Eulogy to Most Sainted Virtue' in the end of Tuo Bahong period of Northern Wei Dynasty and his discussion about the order of Five Virtues in the 14th year of Taihe period of Emperor Xiaowen.The former memorial thought that the Northern Wei Dynasty established by Tuoba (Xianbei nationality) succeeded the Dynasties of Xia, Shang, Zhou and Han and therefore was legitimacy of Huaxia( ancient China ). The latter, confirming the legitimacy of Northern Wei Dynasty according to the Five Virtues order, thought Han State of Xiongnu, the Yan state of Murong (Xianbei) and Qin State of Fu(Di nationality) of the 16 states period were also legitimacy Dynasties of Huaxia. In the national relationship, the legitimacy view was, in fact, the national viewpoint. Gao Lü's national viewpoint was not only the result of political need of Northern Wei Dynasty, but also the outcome of the influence by traditional national thoughts. Its core to confirm nationality and the nature of regime is culture, not ancestry. Gao Lü's national viewpoint showed the Northern Wei's being assimilated by Han nationality, the integration of minority and Han people in the ruling estate and Han scholars' identification with the regime Northern Wei reached a high degree.