清代八旗索伦的骑射教育

On the Teaching of Equitation and Toxophily of Suolun Tribe of the "Eight Banners" in Qing Dynasty

以维护清王朝统治为宗旨的骑射教育 ,是清代八旗索伦历史活动的重要内容。从教育内容及其目标来看 ,通过贡貂之役、春秋会操、旗学教育等各种方式和途径进行的骑射教育 ,实质上是以马步骑射技能训练为主的军事教育。这种技能性的军事教育不仅为清王朝培养了一支训练有素、能征善战的八旗劲旅 ,同时也对八旗索伦保持以渔猎文化为核心的民族特征 ,维系以骑射为特征的文化传统 。

The teaching of equitation and toxophily, which took it as its tenet to uphold the rule of Qing Dynasty, is an important contents in the history of Suolun tribe of the 'Eight Banners'. From the viewpoint of its contents and target, the teaching of equitation and toxophily, which was implemented through tribute mink hunting, spring and autumn drill and education of the 'Eight Banners' school, was military schooling in essence which aimed to makes equitation and toxophily training of infantry and cavalry. This not only trained a powerful force used to war, but also played a very important role in keeping the ethnic characteristics which took fishing and hunting culture as the core of the Suolun tribe of the 'Eight Banners' as well as preserved its cultural tradition characterized with equitation and toxophily.