黑龙江流域渔猎民族星辰知识试析

Analysis about the Stars Knowledge of the Fishing and Hunting Nationality in Hei Long Jiang Valley

黑龙江流域鄂温克、鄂伦春和赫哲等渔猎民族的星辰知识体现着人类天文学萌芽时代的特点。本文从天文学、自然崇拜和神话传说等层面探讨北方渔猎民族的星辰知识。北方渔猎民族利用天象变化定时间、定方向、定季节,正处于从观察物候向观察天象的过渡时期。其星辰知识虽简单幼稚,却是科学的萌芽,体现了人类对天体认识的起点。同时,其星辰知识大多在自然崇拜和神话传说形式下表现出来,充满渔猎文化内涵,正体现着萌芽状态的天文学与原始信仰交织在一起的一般特点。

This stars knowledge of the Ewenki nationality, the Orogen nationality, the Hezhen nationality and other fishing and hunting nationalities in HeiLongJiang valley reflects the characteristic of the human being astronomy during the embryonic times. This article inquired into stars knowledge of the fishing and hunting nationality in the north from astronomy, natural worship, myth legend and other aspects. The fishing and hunting nationality in the north made use of astronomical phenomena change to determine time, direction, seasons, and was in the transition period from observing phenology to astronomical phenomena. Although their stars knowledge was simple and naive, it was the seeds of science and reflected the starting point that human beings understood the celestial body. At the same time, most of the stars knowledge showed off in the form of natural worship and myth legend, was full of fishing and hunting culture intension, and reflected the general characteristic that astronomy mingled with primitive belief during the embryonic stage.