生物学标志的概念与应用

The Concepts and Use of Biological Markers in Toxicology

近年来,生物学标志在毒理学、流行病学等多学科中得到广泛的应用。本文综述了近年来有关生物学标志的概念和和分类,阐述了生物学标志的的检测,即直接检测接触物及其代谢产物,动物试验中毒代动力学资料的应用,人类生物样品中生物学标志的测定和毒代动力学中数学模型。其后阐述了大分子加合物重点是DNA加合物作为生物学标志的应用。

There is a growing interest in biological markers of exposure to chemicals and in markers of adverse health effects from such exposures. Biological marker( biomarker ) is a change in a biological system that can be related to an exposure to or effects from a specific xenobiotic or type of toxic material. This paper reviewed the current concepts of biological markers, its use in toxicology. Biomarkers can be classified into three types, those of exposure, effect and susceptibility. Markers of internal dose include analyses of body samples for chemicals or their metabolic products. Detailed toxicokinetic data in animals and their mathematical modeling have allowed easier extrapolation from animal to human. DNA add-ucts have been used as a biomarkers or dosimeters to monitor human exposure to environmental mutagens and carcinogens. Characterization and assay of carcinogen-DNA adducts and protein adducts were reviewed in this paper.