2[1]See Bickford Sylvester,″The Cuban Context of The Old Man And the Sea.″ The Cambridge Companion To Ernest Hemingway (Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2000) 258.
3[2]Hemingway,Ernest. For Whom The Bell Tolls. Nanjing: Yilin Press,1995.
4[4][Hemingway, Ernest. The Old Man and the Sea. Trans. Wu Lao. Shanghai:Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 1999. ]
5[6][Wackse, Robert P. "Controversy in Studies of Hemingway.″ Probing Into Hemingway. Ed. Dong Hengxun.Beijing:China Social Sciences Press, 1980.96-104.]
