畜禽养殖中的抗生素残留以及耐药菌和抗性基因研究进展

Review on Antibiotic Residues,Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistant Genes in Livestock and Poultry Production

随着畜禽养殖业的规模化和集约化发展,兽用抗生素类药物已被广泛使用于养殖业中,并呈现出稳定增加的趋势。由于抗生素在动物体内的积累量很低,其中有60%~90%的抗生素将以原药的形式通过粪便和尿液排出体外,它们在环境中的释放将对土壤中的微生物群落产生选择性压力,由此引发细菌耐药性的形成和扩散,进而可能通过食物链的形式转移到人体,对人类的健康造成潜在的危害。文章对近年来有关畜禽排泄物及施用畜禽粪便的土壤中的抗生素残留以及耐药菌和抗性基因(Antibiotics resistance genes,ARGs)的研究情况进行了总结,探讨了开展粪肥及施用粪肥土壤中抗生素残留、耐药菌和ARGs污染现状的调研以及建立养殖行业中抗生素污染风险评估的必要性。

With the development of large-size livestock and poultry production,significant quantities of veterinary antibiotics are widely used in livestock production and the consumption of them is increasing steadily and gradually.As antibiotics are poorly adsorbed by animals,60%~90%of them will be excreted unchanged in the faeces and urine and then persist and accumulate in soils after the repeated manure application,which will lead to a selective pressure on the soil bacteria and induce antibiotic resistant bacteria formation.Additionally,antibiotic resistant genes(ARGs) can be transferred between non-pathogens,pathogens,and even distantly related organisms,such as Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria,through horizontal gene transfer and the deduced antibiotic bacteria are considered to threaten the human health potentially through food chain.Herein,the recent advances on the investigation of antibiotic residues,antibiotic resistant bacteria and its related antibiotic resistant genes in livestock and poultry of world-wide were summarized.The necessity of detection and risk assessment on the antibiotic usage in livestock and poultry production are also clarified.