燃煤污染氟中毒病区居民室内空气氟污染

Indoor Air Pollution of Residents in Fluorosis Prevalance Area Caused by Coal Burning

中国14个省、市、自治区的部分地区盛产高氟、高硫煤,居民以落后的烧煤方式——室内堆煤做饭、取暖,由于没有炉灶及烟囱,燃烧不完全,排出大量含氟煤烟,污染室内空气及粮食、蔬菜、饮水,造成严重的氟中毒。室内空气中氟化物及二氧化硫浓度分别为10.5～304μg/m^3及0.2～122.7mg/m^3,其日平均浓度均超过国家大气卫生标准的几倍到几十倍。在一些病区居民总氟摄入量为2.43～11.3mg/d·人,超过规定水平。摄氟途径为消化道、呼吸道。所有病区居民从呼吸道摄氟量均超过国家标准,而从消化道摄氟量仅重病区超过规定。由此看出,从呼吸道摄入氟对氟斑牙的患病率起着重要作用。

Coal containing high level of fluoride and sultur is widely used for domestic cooking and heating in fluorosis prevalence area of China. Now fluorosis caused by coal burning is prevailing in varying degrees in fourteen provinces. Since the local residents usually burn the coal for cooking and heating inside the house with open pit without chimney, it resuits in serious indoor air pollution and food, Vegetable and drinking water contamination. The indoor concentrations of fluoride and sulfur dioxide are 10.5～757μg/m^3 and 0.2～122.7mg/m^3 respectively; their average daily concentrations exceed the national atmospheric health standards for residential area by many times The intake of total fluoride is 2.9～11.3mg/person·day in some fluorosis areas. In contrast with the intake through digestive tract, the intake through respiratory tract which exceeds the permissible dietary level insignificantly is much higher than the health standards related The results show that the fluride in air is a strong pathogenic factor to the dental fluorosis, and the incidence of dental fluorosis is related to the total fluorosis intake.